Born in the Flemish city of Bruges, in his early 30s Simon Stevin (1548-1620) moved north to settle in the Dutch Republic. He was a scientist through and through, specialising in mathematics, physics, hydraulic engineering and surveying.

Stevin authored a rapid succession of scientific books, but not all his work was theory-based. In fact he was fascinated by the combination of theory and experimentation. He put his knowledge to practice as an engineer for the national army of Maurice, Prince of Orange, and his insights led to the reorganisation of the army along scientific lines. Stevin also designed fortifications using mathematical principles, improved the design of windmills and invented the sailing chariot.